51单片机 | 串口通信实验(模拟串口通信/多机通信实例)

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实验7.4:RS232串口应用实例

设计要求:

通过串口发送接收数据(串口工作方式1)

实现思路:

定时器设置

串口设置

工作方式
波特率

开启定时/计数器

串口执行

接收数据
发送数据

– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

实现代码:

 1 #include <reg51.h>
 2 main()
 3 {
 4     TMOD = 0x20;
 5     SM0 = 0;
 6     SM1 = 1;
 7     REN = 1;
 8     PCON = 0;
 9     TH1 = 0xFD; //253=256-(1*11.0592*10^6)/(384*9600)
10     TL1 = 0xFD;
11     TR1 = 1;
12     P1 = SBUF;
13     while(!RI);
14     RI = 0;
15     SBUF = P1;
16     while(!TI);
17     TI = 0;
18 }

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实验7.5:MAX487多机通信应用实例

设计要求:

在主从3个单片机中进行双机通信,当从机显示的数字和主机相同,则表示该主机和从机正在通信。按下主机按键切换当前对象。

实现思路:

主机端

在主机中设置定时器和串口参数,并一直保持发送数据的状态。

通过MAX487芯片将3个单片机连接,并通过设置/RE、DE管脚控制单片机输入输出状态。

需要按下主机按键时检测按键状态,切换当前对象,设置中断,并标记此时状态是从机1或从机2。

//中断发生时按照中断优先级,主机先执行cort++并发送信息,主机中断结束后才进入从机中断。

如果是从机1,输出状态下发送对应数字,输入状态下设置单片机通信(非多机通信)接收并显示对应数字,重置输出状态。从机2同理。

从机端

设置与主机相同的串口参数和定时器和默认显示值。允许接收中断

当按键被按下,判断主机要通信的是否是自己,是则显示对应数字并向主机发送数字,否则重置状态。

执行流程:(多机通信模式)

主机

从机

– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

实现代码:SM2=1,多机通信模式!

主机

 1 #include <reg51.h>
 2 #include <intrins.h>
 3 unsigned char cort = 0;
 4 sbit P3_5 = P3 ^ 5;
 5 key_serial() interrupt 0 using 1
 6 {
 7     ++cort;
 8     if (cort == 3)
 9         cort = 1;
10 }
11 void main()
12 {
13     P2 = 0xff;
14     TMOD = 0x20;
15     TH1 = 0xFD;
16     TL1 = 0xFD;
17     PCON = 0x00;
18     TR1 = 1;
19     SCON = 0xF8;
20     EA = 1;
21     EX0 = 1;
22     IT0 = 1;
23     P3_5 = 1;
24     while(1)
25     {
26         if (cort == 1)
27         {
28             SBUF = 0x01;
29             while(TI != 1);
30             TI = 0;
31             P3_5 = 0;
32             RB8 = 1;
33             while(RI != 1);
34             RI = 0;
35             P2 = SBUF;
36             P3_5 = 1;
37         }
38         if(cort == 2)
39         {
40             SBUF = 0x02;
41             while(TI != 1);
42             TI = 0;
43             P3_5 = 0;
44             RB8 = 1;
45             while(RI != 1);
46             RI = 0;
47             P2 = SBUF;
48             SM2 = 1;
49             P3_5 = 1;
50         }
51 
52     }
53 }

从机1

 1 #include <reg51.h>
 2 #include <intrins.h>
 3 sbit P3_5 = P3 ^ 5;
 4 void serial(void) interrupt 4 using 1
 5 {
 6     ES = 0;
 7     RI = 0;
 8     if (SBUF == 0x01)
 9     {
10         P3_5 = 1;
11         RI = 0;
12         TB8 = 1;
13         P1 = 0x10;
14         SBUF = 0x10;
15         while(!TI);
16         TI = 0;
17     }
18     else P1 = 0;
19     P3_5 = 0;
20     ES = 1;
21 }
22 void main()
23 {
24     P1 = 0x00;
25     TMOD = 0x20;
26     TH1 = 0xFD;
27     TL1 = 0xFD;
28     PCON = 0x00;
29     TR1 = 1;
30     SCON = 0xF0;
31     EA = 1;
32     ES = 1;
33     P3_5 = 0;
34     while(1)
35         _nop_();
36 }

从机2

 1 #include <reg51.h>
 2 #include <intrins.h>
 3 sbit P3_5 = P3 ^ 5;
 4 void serial() interrupt 4 using 1
 5 {
 6     ES = 0;
 7     RI = 0;
 8     if (SBUF == 0x02)
 9     {
10         P3_5 = 1;
11         RI = 0;
12         TB8 = 1;
13         P1 = 0x20;
14         SBUF = 0x20;
15         while(!TI);
16         TI = 0;
17     }
18     else P1 = 0;
19     P3_5 = 0;
20     ES = 1;
21 }
22 void main()
23 {
24     P1 = 0x00;
25     TMOD = 0x20;
26     TH1 = 0xFD;
27     TL1 = 0xFD;
28     PCON = 0x00;
29     TR1 = 1;
30     SCON = 0xF0;
31     EA = 1;
32     ES = 1;
33     P3_5 = 0;
34     while(1)
35         _nop_();
36 }

– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

实现代码:SM2=0,单机通信模式!

主机

 1 #include <reg52.h>
 2 unsigned char cort = 0;
 3 sbit P3_5 = P3 ^ 5;
 4 void key_serial() interrupt 0 using 1
 5 {
 6     ++cort;
 7 }
 8 void main()
 9 {
10     P2 = 0x0f;
11     TMOD = 0x20;
12     TH1 = 0xFD;
13     TL1 = 0xFD;
14     PCON = 0x00;
15     TR1 = 1;
16     SCON = 0xD0;
17     EA = 1;
18     EX0 = 1;
19     IT0 = 1;
20     P3_5 = 1;
21     while(1)
22     {
23         if (cort == 1)
24         {
25             SBUF = 0x01;
26             while(!TI);
27             TI = 0;
28             P3_5 = 0;
29             while(!RI);
30             RI = 0;
31             P2 = SBUF;
32             P3_5 = 1;
33         }
34         if(cort == 2)
35         {
36             SBUF = 0x02;
37             while(!TI);
38             TI = 0;
39             P3_5 = 0;
40             while(!RI);
41             RI = 0;
42             P2 = SBUF;
43             P3_5 = 1;
44         }
45         if (cort == 3)
46             cort = 1;
47     }
48 }

从机1

 1 #include <reg51.h>
 2 #include <intrins.h>
 3 sbit P3_5 = P3 ^ 5;
 4 void serial(void) interrupt 4 using 1
 5 {
 6     ES = 0;
 7     RI = 0;
 8     P2 =  SBUF;
 9     if (SBUF == 0x01)
10     {
11         P3_5 = 1;
12         P1 = 0x10;
13         SBUF = 0x30;
14         while(!TI);
15         TI = 0;
16     }
17     else P1 = 0;
18     P3_5 = 0;
19     ES = 1;
20 }
21 void main()
22 {
23     P1 = 0x00;
24     TMOD = 0x20;
25     TH1 = 0xFD;
26     TL1 = 0xFD;
27     PCON = 0x00;
28     TR1 = 1;
29     SCON = 0xD0;
30     EA = 1;
31     ES = 1;
32     P3_5 = 0;
33     while(1)
34         _nop_();
35 }

从机2:略

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关于该实验在多机通信和单机通信下不同情况的讨论

在单机通信模式下,SM2 == 0

初始化:SCON = D0

发送完毕:TI=0

接收完毕:RI=0

中断触发条件:RI=0SM2=0RI置位

此情况下,发送和接收信息结束后需要对RITI手动置为0即可。

在多机通信模式下,SM201之间调整

初始化:主机:SCON = F8;从机:SCON = F0

中断触发条件:接收到的第九位RB9==1RI置位(如果RB8=0RI就会等于0,就不能进入接收中断,自然丢失信息了。)

   

51单片机原理及应用(陈海宴)书P129案例是在主机发送状态下使用多机通信,接收状态下使用单机通信,在理解上容易出现错误,过程分析及代码如下:

实现代码:

主机:

 1 #include <reg51.h>
 2 #include <intrins.h>
 3 unsigned char cort = 0;
 4 sbit P3_5 = P3 ^ 5;
 5 key_serial() interrupt 0 using 1
 6 {
 7     ++cort;
 8 }
 9 void main()
10 {
11     P2 = 0xff;
12     TMOD = 0x20;
13     TH1 = 0xFD;
14     TL1 = 0xFD;
15     PCON = 0x00;
16     TR1 = 1;
17     SCON = 0xF8;
18     EA = 1;
19     EX0 = 1;
20     IT0 = 1;
21     P3_5 = 1;
22     while(1)
23     {
24         if (cort == 1)
25         {
26             SBUF = 0x01;
27             while(TI != 1);
28             TI = 0;
29             P3_5 = 0;
30             SM2 = 0;
31             while(RI != 1);
32             RI = 0;
33             P2 = SBUF;
34             SM2 = 1;
35             P3_5 = 1;
36         }
37         if(cort == 2)
38         {
39             SBUF = 0x02;
40             while(TI != 1);
41             TI = 0;
42             P3_5 = 0;
43             SM2 = 0;
44             while(RI != 1);
45             RI = 0;
46             P2 = SBUF;
47             SM2 = 1;
48             P3_5 = 1;
49         }
50         if (cort == 3)
51             cort = 1;
52         SM2 = 1;
53     }
54 }

从机1

 1 #include <reg51.h>
 2 #include <intrins.h>
 3 sbit P3_5 = P3 ^ 5;
 4 void serial(void) interrupt 4 using 1
 5 {
 6     ES = 0;
 7     RI = 0;
 8     if (SBUF == 0x01)
 9     {
10         P3_5 = 1;
11         SM2 = 0;
12         P1 = 0x10;
13         SBUF = 0x10;
14         while(!TI);
15         TI = 0;
16     }
17     else P1 = 0;
18     SM2 = 1;
19     P3_5 = 0;
20     ES = 1;
21 }
22 void main()
23 {
24     P1 = 0x00;
25     TMOD = 0x20;
26     TH1 = 0xFD;
27     TL1 = 0xFD;
28     PCON = 0x00;
29     TR1 = 1;
30     SCON = 0xF0;
31     EA = 1;
32     ES = 1;
33     P3_5 = 0;
34     while(1)
35         _nop_();
36 }

从机2:略

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