【转】Android LCD(四:LCD驱动调试篇

关键词:android LCD TFTSN75LVDS83B  TTL-LVDS LCD电压背光电压

平台信息:
内核:linux2.6/linux3.0
系统:android/android4.0 
平台:samsung exynos 4210、exynos 4412 、exynos 5250

作者:xubin341719(欢迎转载,请注明作者)

欢迎指正错误,共同学习、共同进步!!

下载链接:LCD规格书(404份),之前工作用用到的 、 LCD规格书00  、 LCD规格书01   、   LCD测试图片,彩条灰阶等  

Android LCD(一):LCD基本原理篇

Android LCD(二):LCD常用接口原理篇

Android LCD(三):Samsung LCD接口篇

Android LCD(四):LCD驱动调试篇

这篇我们以一个实例来说明,Samsung Exynos4412搭配TTL转LVDS芯片SN75LVDS83B、LVDS接口LCD为例说明。从硬件接口、驱动配置、背光PWM调节三部分说明。

下载:SN75LVDS83B规格书

一、LCD接口原理以及硬件电路

Samsung Exynos4412、SN75LVDS83B、LVDS接口LCD(24bit)为例说明,三者的关系如下:

如上图所示,我们在应用中我,主控(Exynos4412)输出RGB信号到TFT-LCD大体经过三部分:

1)、标号1部分,主控(Exynos4412)输出TTL信号;

2)、标号2部分,TTLRGB-LVDS转换芯片SN75LVDS83B,把TTL信号转换成LVDS信号,传输到显示器的LVDS接收端;这部分有SN75LVDS83B编码芯片自动完成,所以我们不需要程序控制;

3)、标号3部分,分两个小部分,LVDS转换成TTLTFT-LCD显示部分;我们前面说过,TFT-LCD其实只识别TTL信号,所以要有一个转换的过程,先把LVDS信号转换、解码成TTL信号,在TFT-LCD上显示。

有上面的过程,其实我们关心调试的部分只有标号1部分到标号2部分,后面标号2到标号3的部分是自动完成的,不需要我们程序上控制,把标号2部分、标号3部分合并:


 

标号二部分可以理解为一个TTLRGB)接口的LCD,如下图所示,标号一部分就是主控信号输出端,简化图如下所示:


 

其实最简单的做法就是找个TTL接口的TFT-LCD,这样直接接上就可以。下面我们看下硬件上的电路连接:这个和我们上篇用的相同。

 

    有上面图可以看出:硬件连接

网络标号

说明

管脚

XvVD[0:23]

XvVDEN

XvVSYNC

XvHSYNC

XvVCLK

RGB数据、使能、行场同步、时钟信号

 这是TTL信号输出

LCD_PWM

调节背光

XpwmTOUT1/LCD_PWM/GPD0_1

LCD_LED_EN

LCD电压(TFT电压)使能

GPC1_2

LED_BL_EN

LED背光使能

GPL2_4

上面可分为几部分,电路连接部分分析:

(1)、TTL数据部分

    这张图有木有烂掉呀,哈哈,就是这些数据了。还有有木有想起来摄像头的数据(ITU接口)也是这样的??其实视频这种信号的原理是通用的,所以LCD通了,摄像头也就知道怎么回事了。

 

2)、PWM背光调节

    PWM其实也是芯片的一个功能模块,看到他的管脚就是一个复用脚XpwmTOUT1/LCD_PWM/GPD0_1。上一篇我们粗略的了解了PWM,就是用到这里。但是有一个疑问,PWM是调节背光电压的,背光电压一般都是12V以上的,我们PWM只有0-3V的样子,Exynos4412IO只有1.8V。怎么调节电压???

 

    其实这个PWM只是给LCDPWM控制部分,真正的电压还是通过LCD控制板上的电路实现。

3)、LED背光、LCD电压控制

a、背光:LED+

我们可以看到这个升压电路,通过SY7208VBATT升压到18V,供给LED背光。SY7208最大升压26V。这个电压是提供给我们前面讲的背光的,也就是CCFL灯管或者LED背光组的电压。


 

b、LCD电压

    这个电压也就是给你我们TFT阵列组用的,控制LCD液晶元素。

这部分电路分析完成,我们就有比较清晰的思路出,要一个LCD工作,要完成两部分内容:LCD上电控制,背光、LCD电压;信号输出。

二、LCD 驱动部分调试

    LCD这部分,像上篇我们说的frambuffer这些部分一般平台都是可以用的,除非你是芯片厂的要写这部分。一般公司拿到的demo板子这部分都是通的,只是针对自己的lCD换一些参数。

下面我们针对三星平台我们调试LCD的时时候程序方面的改动:

1、屏参数的配置

/kernel/drivers/video/Samsung/s3cfb_wa101s.c

static struct s3cfb_lcd wa101 = {  
      
    .width  = 1280,//LCD 分辨率宽1280   
    .height = 800, //LCD 分辨率高 800   
    .bpp    = 24,//CLD 数据位 24bit   
    .freq   = 60,//LCD 像素时钟 60MHz   
    .timing = {//LCD porch无效值   
        .h_fp   = 70,  
        .h_bp   = 70,  
        .h_sw   = 20,  
      
        .v_fp   = 10,  
        .v_fpe  = 0,  
        .v_bp   = 10,  
        .v_bpe  = 0,  
        .v_sw   = 3,  
    },  
  
    .polarity = {//时钟、行场的极性;   
        .rise_vclk  = 1,  
        .inv_hsync  = 1,  
        .inv_vsync  = 1,  
        .inv_vden   = 0,  
    },  
};  
/* name should be fixed as 's3cfb_set_lcd_info' */  
void s3cfb_set_lcd_info(struct s3cfb_global *ctrl)//初始化结构体   
{  
    wa101.init_ldi = NULL;  
    ctrl->lcd = &wa101;  
#endif   
}  

还能想起上一篇的如何阅读规格书中的那些参数不,把这些填入就可以。
2、数据管脚初始化

kernel/arch/arm/mach-exynos/setup-fb-s5p.c

 

void s3cfb_cfg_gpio(struct platform_device *pdev)  
{  
    s3cfb_gpio_setup_24bpp(EXYNOS4_GPF0(0), 8, S3C_GPIO_SFN(2), S5P_GPIO_DRVSTR_LV4);  
    s3cfb_gpio_setup_24bpp(EXYNOS4_GPF1(0), 8, S3C_GPIO_SFN(2), S5P_GPIO_DRVSTR_LV4);  
    s3cfb_gpio_setup_24bpp(EXYNOS4_GPF2(0), 8, S3C_GPIO_SFN(2), S5P_GPIO_DRVSTR_LV4);  
    s3cfb_gpio_setup_24bpp(EXYNOS4_GPF3(0), 4, S3C_GPIO_SFN(2), S5P_GPIO_DRVSTR_LV4);  
}  

 

LCD 数据脚初始化,驱动能力设为最高S5P_GPIO_DRVSTR_LV4;管脚驱动能力,S5P_GPIO_DRVSTR_LV1-4四个等级选择。

3、时钟控制部分

kernel/arch/arm/mach-exynos/setup-fb-s5p.c

 

int s3cfb_clk_on(struct platform_device *pdev, struct clk **s3cfb_clk)  
{  
    struct clk *sclk = NULL;  
    struct clk *mout_mpll = NULL;  
    struct clk *lcd_clk = NULL;  
  
    u32 rate = 0;  
    int ret = 0;  
  
    lcd_clk = clk_get(&pdev->dev, "lcd");  
    if (IS_ERR(lcd_clk)) {  
        dev_err(&pdev->dev, "failed to get operation clk for fimd
");  
        goto err_clk0;  
    }  
  
    ret = clk_enable(lcd_clk);  
    if (ret < 0) {  
        dev_err(&pdev->dev, "failed to clk_enable of lcd clk for fimd
");  
        goto err_clk0;  
    }  
    clk_put(lcd_clk);  
  
    sclk = clk_get(&pdev->dev, "sclk_fimd");  
    if (IS_ERR(sclk)) {  
        dev_err(&pdev->dev, "failed to get sclk for fimd
");  
        goto err_clk1;  
    }  
  
    if (soc_is_exynos4210())  
        mout_mpll = clk_get(&pdev->dev, "mout_mpll");  
    else  
        mout_mpll = clk_get(&pdev->dev, "mout_mpll_user");  
  
    if (IS_ERR(mout_mpll)) {  
        dev_err(&pdev->dev, "failed to get mout_mpll for fimd
");  
        goto err_clk2;  
    }  
  
    ret = clk_set_parent(sclk, mout_mpll);  
    if (ret < 0) {  
        dev_err(&pdev->dev, "failed to clk_set_parent for fimd
");  
        goto err_clk2;  
    }  
  
    if ((soc_is_exynos4412()) && (samsung_rev() >= EXYNOS4412_REV_2_0))  
        ret = clk_set_rate(sclk, 880000000);  
    else  
        ret = clk_set_rate(sclk, 800000000);  
    if (ret < 0) {  
        dev_err(&pdev->dev, "failed to clk_set_rate of sclk for fimd
");  
        goto err_clk2;  
    }  
    dev_dbg(&pdev->dev, "set fimd sclk rate to %d
", rate);  
  
    clk_put(mout_mpll);  
  
    ret = clk_enable(sclk);  
    if (ret < 0) {  
        dev_err(&pdev->dev, "failed to clk_enable of sclk for fimd
");  
        goto err_clk2;  
    }  
  
    *s3cfb_clk = sclk;  
  
    return 0;  
  
err_clk2:  
    clk_put(mout_mpll);  
err_clk1:  
    clk_put(sclk);  
err_clk0:  
    clk_put(lcd_clk);  
  
    return -EINVAL;  
}  
int s3cfb_clk_off(struct platform_device *pdev, struct clk **clk)  
{  
    struct clk *lcd_clk = NULL;  
  
    lcd_clk = clk_get(&pdev->dev, "lcd");  
    if (IS_ERR(lcd_clk)) {  
        printk(KERN_ERR "failed to get ip clk for fimd0
");  
        goto err_clk0;  
    }  
  
    clk_disable(lcd_clk);  
    clk_put(lcd_clk);  
  
    clk_disable(*clk);  
    clk_put(*clk);  
  
    *clk = NULL;  
  
    return 0;  
  
err_clk0:  
    clk_put(lcd_clk);  
  
    return -EINVAL;  
}  
  
void s3cfb_get_clk_name(char *clk_name)  
{  
    strcpy(clk_name, "sclk_fimd");  
}  

 

4、背光、LCD电压的控制

 

LCD_LED_EN

LCD电压(TFT电压)使能

GPC1_2

LED_BL_EN

LED背光使能

GPL2_4

 

int s3cfb_backlight_on(struct platform_device *pdev)  
{  
        int err;  
        pwm_set();  
    err = gpio_request_one(EXYNOS4_GPL2(4), GPIOF_OUT_INIT_HIGH, "GPL2_4");  
    if (err) {  
        printk(KERN_ERR "failed to request GPL2 for "  
            "lcd backlight control
");  
        return err;  
    }  
    s3c_gpio_setpull(EXYNOS4_GPL2(4),S3C_GPIO_PULL_NONE);  
    gpio_direction_output(EXYNOS4_GPL2(4), 1);  
    gpio_free(EXYNOS4_GPL2(4));  
    mdelay(20);  
    err = gpio_request_one(EXYNOS4_GPC1(2), GPIOF_OUT_INIT_HIGH, "GPC1_2");  
    if (err) {  
        printk(KERN_ERR "failed to request GPC1 for "  
            "lcd backlight control
");  
        return err;  
    }  
    s3c_gpio_setpull(EXYNOS4_GPC1(2),S3C_GPIO_PULL_NONE);  
    gpio_direction_output(EXYNOS4_GPC1(2), 0);  
    gpio_free(EXYNOS4_GPC1(2));  
  
    mdelay(20);  
    err = gpio_request(EXYNOS4_GPD0(1), "GPD0_1");  
  
    if (err) {  
        printk(KERN_ERR "failed to request GPD0_1 for "  
            "lcd pwm control
");  
        return err;  
    }  
    s3c_gpio_setpull(EXYNOS4_GPD0(1),S3C_GPIO_PULL_NONE);  
    s5p_gpio_set_drvstr(EXYNOS4_GPD0(1), S5P_GPIO_DRVSTR_LV4);    
    gpio_direction_output(EXYNOS4_GPD0(1), 1);  
    s3c_gpio_cfgpin(EXYNOS4_GPD0(1), EXYNOS4_GPD_0_1_TOUT_1);  
      
    gpio_free(EXYNOS4_GPD0(1));  
    mdelay(20);  
    return 0;  
  
    return 0;  
}  
  
int s3cfb_backlight_off(struct platform_device *pdev)  
{  
    int err;  
    err = gpio_request_one(EXYNOS4_GPL2(4), GPIOF_OUT_INIT_LOW, "GPL2_4");  
    if (err) {  
        printk(KERN_ERR "failed to request GPL2 for "  
            "lcd backlight control
");  
        return err;  
    }  
    s3c_gpio_setpull(EXYNOS4_GPL2(4),S3C_GPIO_PULL_NONE);  
    gpio_direction_output(EXYNOS4_GPL2(4), 0);  
    gpio_free(EXYNOS4_GPL2(4));  
  
    err = gpio_request_one(EXYNOS4_GPC1(2), GPIOF_OUT_INIT_HIGH, "GPC1_2");  
    if (err) {  
        printk(KERN_ERR "failed to request GPC1 for "  
            "lcd backlight control
");  
        return err;  
    }  
    gpio_free(EXYNOS4_GPC1(2));  
  
    return 0;  
}  

5、PWM的设置

arch/arm/mach-exynos/mach-smdk4x12.c


 

Arch/arm/mach-exynos/mach-smdk4x12.c  
/* LCD Backlight data */  
static struct samsung_bl_gpio_info smdk4x12_bl_gpio_info = {  
    .no = EXYNOS4_GPD0(1),//PWM管脚XpwmTOUT1/LCD_PWM/GPD0_1   
    .func = S3C_GPIO_SFN(2),  
};  
static struct platform_pwm_backlight_data smdk4x12_bl_data = {  
    .pwm_id = 1,//PWM ID PWM编号为1号;   
    .pwm_period_ns  = 90000,  //22k   
};  
static void __init smdk4x12_machine_init(void)  
{     
………………  
samsung_bl_set(&smdk4x12_bl_gpio_info, &smdk4x12_bl_data);//在初始化的时候把对应的结构体初始化   
………………  
}  

samsung_bl_set看下这个函数的实现 

kernel/arch/arm/palt-samsung/dev-backlight.c

 

void samsung_bl_set(struct samsung_bl_gpio_info *gpio_info,  
    struct platform_pwm_backlight_data *bl_data)  
{  
    int ret = 0;  
    struct platform_device *samsung_bl_device;  
    struct platform_pwm_backlight_data *samsung_bl_data;  
  
    samsung_bl_device = kmemdup(&samsung_dfl_bl_device,  
            sizeof(struct platform_device), GFP_KERNEL);//(1)、分配内存空间;   
    if (!samsung_bl_device) {  
        printk(KERN_ERR "%s: no memory for platform dev
", __func__);  
        return;  
    }  
  
    samsung_bl_data = s3c_set_platdata(&samsung_dfl_bl_data,  
        sizeof(struct platform_pwm_backlight_data), samsung_bl_device);//(2)、   
    if (!samsung_bl_data) {  
        printk(KERN_ERR "%s: no memory for platform dev
", __func__);  
        goto err_data;  
    }  
  
    /* Copy board specific data provided by user */  
    samsung_bl_data->pwm_id = bl_data->pwm_id;//(3)、把具体配置的数据给samsung_bl_data   
    samsung_bl_device->dev.parent =  
            &s3c_device_timer[samsung_bl_data->pwm_id].dev;  
  
    if (bl_data->max_brightness)//(4)、对bl_data的结构体检查,如果没有复制则用default的值   
        samsung_bl_data->max_brightness = bl_data->max_brightness;  
    if (bl_data->dft_brightness)  
        samsung_bl_data->dft_brightness = bl_data->dft_brightness;  
    if (bl_data->lth_brightness)  
        samsung_bl_data->lth_brightness = bl_data->lth_brightness;  
    if (bl_data->pwm_period_ns)  
        samsung_bl_data->pwm_period_ns = bl_data->pwm_period_ns;  
    if (bl_data->init)  
        samsung_bl_data->init = bl_data->init;  
    if (bl_data->notify)  
        samsung_bl_data->notify = bl_data->notify;  
    if (bl_data->exit)  
        samsung_bl_data->exit = bl_data->exit;  
    if (bl_data->check_fb)  
        samsung_bl_data->check_fb = bl_data->check_fb;  
  
    /* Keep the GPIO info for future use */  
    s3c_device_timer[samsung_bl_data->pwm_id].dev.platform_data = gpio_info;  
  
    /* Register the specific PWM timer dev for Backlight control */  
    ret = platform_device_register(//(5)、注册PWM设备驱动;   
            &s3c_device_timer[samsung_bl_data->pwm_id]);  
    if (ret) {  
        printk(KERN_ERR "failed to register pwm timer for backlight: %d
", ret);  
        goto err_plat_reg1;  
    }  
  
    /* Register the Backlight dev */  
    ret = platform_device_register(samsung_bl_device);//(6)、注册背光设备驱动;   
    if (ret) {  
        printk(KERN_ERR "failed to register backlight device: %d
", ret);  
        goto err_plat_reg2;  
    }  
  
    return;  
  
err_plat_reg2://(7)、如果有异常的情况下退出;   
    platform_device_unregister(&s3c_device_timer[samsung_bl_data->pwm_id]);  
err_plat_reg1:  
    kfree(samsung_bl_data);  
err_data:  
    kfree(samsung_bl_device);  
    return;  
}  

 

(1)、分配内存空间

    samsung_bl_device = kmemdup(&samsung_dfl_bl_device,  
            sizeof(struct platform_device), GFP_KERNEL);  
其中:  
static struct platform_pwm_backlight_data samsung_dfl_bl_data = {  
    .max_brightness = 255,  
    .dft_brightness = 140,   
    .pwm_period_ns  = 78770,  
    .init           = samsung_bl_init,  
    .exit           = samsung_bl_exit,  
};  
  
static struct platform_device samsung_dfl_bl_device = {  
    .name       = "pwm-backlight",  
};  

(2)、

(3)、把具体配置的数据给samsung_bl_data

arch/arm/mach-exynos/mach-smdk4x12.c  
static struct samsung_bl_gpio_info smdk4x12_bl_gpio_info = {  
    .no = EXYNOS4_GPD0(1),//PWM管脚XpwmTOUT1/LCD_PWM/GPD0_1   
    .func = S3C_GPIO_SFN(2),  
};  
static struct platform_pwm_backlight_data smdk4x12_bl_data = {  
    .pwm_id = 1,//PWM ID PWM编号为1号;   
    .pwm_period_ns  = 90000,  //22k   
};  

(4)、对bl_data的结构体检查,如果没有复制则用default的值 

参考(1)中的那些值。

(5)、注册PWM设备驱动;

ret = platform_device_register(  
        &s3c_device_timer[samsung_bl_data->pwm_id]);  

其中s3c_device_timer[]这个结构体如下:

struct platform_device s3c_device_timer[] = {  
    [0] = { DEFINE_S3C_TIMER(0, IRQ_TIMER0) },  
    [1] = { DEFINE_S3C_TIMER(1, IRQ_TIMER1) },  
    [2] = { DEFINE_S3C_TIMER(2, IRQ_TIMER2) },  
    [3] = { DEFINE_S3C_TIMER(3, IRQ_TIMER3) },  
    [4] = { DEFINE_S3C_TIMER(4, IRQ_TIMER4) },  

我们饿samsung_bl_data->pwm_id=1;所以选择[1] = { DEFINE_S3C_TIMER(1, IRQ_TIMER1) },

(6)、注册背光设备驱动;

ret =platform_device_register(samsung_bl_device);  

其中:samsung_bl_device

samsung_bl_data = s3c_set_platdata(&samsung_dfl_bl_data,  
    sizeof(struct platform_pwm_backlight_data), samsung_bl_device); 

(7)、如果有异常的情况下退出;

6、PWM_BL背光驱动分析:

Kernel/drivers/video/backlight/pwm_bl.c

1)、驱动注册:

static struct platform_driver pwm_backlight_driver = {  
    .driver     = {  
        .name   = "pwm-backlight",  
        .owner  = THIS_MODULE,  
    },  
    .probe      = pwm_backlight_probe,  
    .remove     = pwm_backlight_remove,  
    .suspend    = pwm_backlight_suspend,  
    .resume     = pwm_backlight_resume,  
};  
  
static int __init pwm_backlight_init(void)  
{  
    return platform_driver_register(&pwm_backlight_driver);  
}  

 2)、probe函数分析

static struct platform_driver pwm_backlight_driver = {  
    .driver     = {  
        .name   = "pwm-backlight",  
        .owner  = THIS_MODULE,  
    },  
    .probe      = pwm_backlight_probe,  
    .remove     = pwm_backlight_remove,  
    .suspend    = pwm_backlight_suspend,  
    .resume     = pwm_backlight_resume,  
};  
  
static int __init pwm_backlight_init(void)  
{  
    return platform_driver_register(&pwm_backlight_driver);  
}  

 1)、任务队列初始化;

key_event_work加入key_event队列,

INIT_DELAYED_WORK_DEFERRABLE(&key_event, key_event_work);  

 队列调度函数:

static void key_event_work(struct work_struct *work)  
{  
    global_pb->period=90000;  
    global_bl->props.brightness=global_brightness;  
    backlight_update_status(global_bl);  
    return ;  
}  

 backlight_update_status

static inline void backlight_update_status(struct backlight_device *bd)  
{  
    mutex_lock(&bd->update_lock);  
    if (bd->ops && bd->ops->update_status)  
        bd->ops->update_status(bd);  
    mutex_unlock(&bd->update_lock);  
} 

update_statuspwm_backlight_ops结构体重指定:

static const struct backlight_ops pwm_backlight_ops = {  
    .update_status  = pwm_backlight_update_status,  
    …………}  

pwm_backlight_update_status我们后面分析,这个其实就是我们PWM设定实现的具体实施过程。

2)、pb结构体初始化;

pb->period = data->pwm_period_ns; pb->notify = data->notify;  
pb->check_fb = data->check_fb;  
pb->lth_brightness = data->lth_brightness *  
    (data->pwm_period_ns / data->max_brightness);  
pb->dev = &pdev->dev;  
pb->pwm = pwm_request(data->pwm_id, "backlight");  

3)、更新背光状态

backlight_update_status(bl); 

4)、PWM_SET

UI设置PWM时,会调用到驱动中的pwm_set(void)这个函数。这个函数主要在开机时使用。

int pwm_set(void)  
{  
    int error;  
    struct backlight_device *bl = global_bl;  
    struct pwm_bl_data *pb = global_pb;  
    printk("%s__%d
",__func__,pb->period);  
    pb->period=410000;  
    backlight_update_status(bl);  
    schedule_delayed_work(&key_event, 600); //调用队列,跟新亮度信息;   
      
    return 0;  
}  

5)、pwm_backlight_update_status这个就是PWM变化的具体实现,当应用层调节时,会调用到这个函数,把改变的值填入寄存器。

static int pwm_backlight_update_status(struct backlight_device *bl)  
{  
    struct pwm_bl_data *pb = dev_get_drvdata(&bl->dev);  
    int brightness = bl->props.brightness;  
    int max = bl->props.max_brightness;  
    //if(brightness==0)   
    //  return 0;   
    //printk("#####%s#%d__%d
",__func__,pb->period,brightness);   
    global_brightness=brightness;  
    if (bl->props.power != FB_BLANK_UNBLANK)  
        brightness = 0;  
  
    if (bl->props.fb_blank != FB_BLANK_UNBLANK)  
        brightness = 0;  
  
    if (pb->notify)  
        brightness = pb->notify(pb->dev, brightness);  
      
    if (brightness == 0) {  
        pwm_config(pb->pwm, 0, pb->period);  
        pwm_disable(pb->pwm);  
    } else {  
    #if 1   
        brightness = pb->lth_brightness +  
            (brightness * (pb->period - pb->lth_brightness) / max);  
    #else   
     brightness = pb->lth_brightness +  
                        (((pb->period - pb->lth_brightness) / max) * brightness );  
    #endif   
          
        pwm_config(pb->pwm, brightness, pb->period);//这里对PWM寄存器的具体操作;   
        pwm_enable(pb->pwm);  
    }  
    return 0;  
}  

三、LCD UBOOT下的控制(待整理…………)
LCDUBOOT下的控制,这部分我们没做过,后面有机会做了再把这部分完善,或者找个机会把代码详细看看。

原文:http://blog.csdn.net/xubin341719/article/details/9179203

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